Protective clothing such other precautions ...

Pneumococcus - on safety (MSDS) NAME: Streptococcus pneumonia SYNONYM OR Links: pneumococcus,

dyplokokk, Pneumococcal pneumonia

CHARACTERISTICS: Gram-positive diplococci,

alpha-hemolysis on blood agar, no specific antigen group

optionally anaerobic, lancet form or in chains, more than 90 serotypes

pathogens: sudden onset of chills sotryasayuschyy,

pleural pain, dyspnea, cough productive of sputum and rusty

leukocytosis, clinical signs include pneumonia, bacteremia,

otitis media, meningitis, sinusitis, peritonitis and arthritis;

Begin may be less dramatic in the elderly requiring x-rays for diagnosis;

in children vomiting and convulsions may be the initial manifestations;

important causes of death in infants and the elderly, 5-10% mortality

with antibiotic therapy, and 20-40% among patients with

underlying disease, neurological complications and / or training

disabilities may occur in patients with meningitis

EPIDEMIOLOGY: Continuing endemic

especially in childhood, old age and alcoholics more often

industrial cities and low socio-economic groups found in the >> << climate and season, the highest incidence in winter and spring in temperate zones

usually sporadic in North America, but can occur in epidemic

in enclosed public

hosts: infectious dose: mode of transmission: by airborne droplets, by direct

oral contact, indirectly, via contaminated fresh articles

with respiratory discharges, human-to-human transmission

organisms are common, but illness among casual contacts and attendants

rarely incubation period: communicability: Infectious classified as

mouth and nose no longer contain virulent pneumococci in

considerable amount penicillin provides patient noninfectious

within 24-48 hours, many people are carriers, the risk of infection

after contact with a carrier or infected person low, except

institution

Reservoir: zoonoses: sensitivity vectors drug: drug-resistant high level resistance to penicillin

; resistance to other therapeutic agents such as TMP / SMX,

erythromycin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, ceftriaxone and cefotaxime

susceptibility to disinfectants:

susceptible to many disinfectants - 1% solution of sodium hypochlorite, 70% ethanol, 2%

hlutaraldehyd, formaldehyde, iodine << Physical >> inactivation : survival BEYOND Head: Observations: FIRST AID / treatment: penicillin G, enter

parenterally (erythromycin for those hypersensitive to penicillin

) >> << Immunization: Prevention: acquisition of infection by laboratory methods: 78 recorded

cases streptococci. 4 deaths in 1976, and the fifth

The most common infections in the lab

sources / samples: sputum, blood, respiratory secretions

, throat swabs

PRIMARY danger: Specific hazards: MAINTENANCE REQUIREMENTS: 2-level biosafety containment practices

equipment and facilities for all >> << activities involving known or potentially infected clinical materials and cultures

; animal 2 First level biosafety facilities for research using

infected animals Protective Clothing: Other precautions: spill: Allow aerosols to decide to wear

protective clothing, gently cover spill absorbent> ;> << a paper towel and apply 1% sodium cheap strattera hypochlorite solution from the perimeter and working

in the center, to provide sufficient contact time (30 min) to clear

WASTE : disinfection before disposal;

steam sterilization, chemical disinfection, incineration

STORAGE: Date prepared: May 2001

Prepared by: Office of Laboratory Security,

PHAC Although the information, opinions and recommendations contained

in this MSDS, they compiled from sources

, believed that strong, we are not responsible for the accuracy and adequacy

reliability or for any loss or damage >> < <the use of this information. Recently discovered dangers

often, and this information can not be completely up to date with

. Health Canada, 2001. << >>

The united states is the bacteria streptococcus pneumonia.

What is it? Pneumonia is an infection of the lungs. Most pneumonias are caused by

bacterial infections, but the most common cause in

United States is the bacteria Streptococcus pneumonia. More >> << bacteria such as strattera side effects Mycoplasma and lehyonella and some viruses

, and can also cause pneumonia. However, since these are less

common infections do not always cause all the classic symptoms of pneumonia

, they are often called atypical pneumonia. Atypical pneumonia >> << most common in people ... .

Ent specialists prefer to clarithromycin

There are many classes of antibiotics for sinus infections. Knowledge of the latter, stronger and better

antibiotics used today to treat acute and chronic infections treatment sinus. Antibiotic Antibiotics Definition drugs used to treat infections caused by bacteria. This antibacterial

in nature. This means that agents have the ability to kill bacteria is often called bactericidal >> << or stop bacteria from multiplying further called bacteriostatic. However, it should be noted that antibiotics do not work against viral infections such as >> << common flu. Because most infections caused by bacteria, antibiotics for sinus infections

is a common practice for many physicians. Type of antibiotics used for >> << may largely depend on

specific type of bacterial infection the patient suffers. In a healthy body has a strong immune system. It is able to fight bacterial invasion

efficiently. However, if our immune system is compromised, the body can not keep a bacterial infection

and additional assistance in the form of antibiotics are required. Antibiotics Classification of the most popular classes of antibiotics Penicillins Macrolides Cephalosporins *** * Fluoroquinolones Antibiotics belong to the narrow spectrum drugs when they work only against a few types of bacteria.

Broad spectrum antibiotic, on the other hand, affects many species of bacteria. However, the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics is dangerous to promote resistance to antibiotics >>. Narrow spectrum antibiotics << due to its low price, provided the extent possible. Broad spectrum antibiotics

designate when the bacteria do not respond to a narrow range of drugs. Below

Antibiotics Penicillins list Bacteria absorb nutrients from the body quickly. As they grow, they need to do more

cell wall. Penicillin works by interfering in the wall of the building features the bacteria cells. The growth of bacteria eventually burst through the cell walls, killing bacteria and infection

ends. Often prescribe antibiotics for sinus infections by general practitioners is amoxicillin. Amoxil ^ a trademark related to this antibiotic strattera. Cephalosporins Cephalosporins are penicillin (and other cillins), but only 20% chance

allergic reactions in those allergic to penicillin or amoxicillin. Cephalosporins also kill bacteria

inhibiting the synthesis of bacterial cell wall. Ceftin ^ is the antibiotic for sinus infection cephalosporin class. Ceftin ^

considered to be very hard antibiotic to treat sinus infections. As such, it is often prescribed for complicated sinus infections

when strong antibiotics called. Both Ceftin ^ ^ Keflex and popular brand of cephalosporin antibiotics. The last third generation cephalosporins

antibiotics for oral ceftibuten dihydrate branded Cedax ^. This is an effective antibiotic for sinus infections established ENT specialists today. Macrolides Macrolides termination of the ability of bacteria to create new proteins. This means that they do not directly

destroys the bacteria, but stop them breeding in the future. This allows the body to produce attenuated

leukocytes and antibodies in sufficient quantities to eliminate bacteria. Large doses may Macrolides

and destroy bacteria, but limits their ability to proliferate. Compared with penicillins and cephalosporins, macrolides have as many side effects.

Erythromycin and clarithromycin popular macrolides. ENT specialists prefer Clarithromycin for treatment

sinus infections. Brand names include Biaxin ^ and Klacid MR *. Fluoroquinolones (broad spectrum antibiotic) This is the latest and newest >> << a class of antibiotics. By interfering in the process of replication of bacterial DNA, fluoroquinolones kill bacteria

(bactericidal). Aveloks ^ ^ Levaquin and Cipro ^ all fluoroquinolones. Aveloks ^, moxifloxacin, is the best antibiotic for sinus infections in this class. This class >> << antibiotics should not be taken lightly as it can lead to serious side effects. Always read more >> << note that comes with a box of antibiotics. What is the best antibiotic for sinus infection? A. What is the cost of the drug? 2. What is the nature and severity of disease? 3. What is the likelihood of allergies and other serious reactions or side effects of medication? If it is a mild infection of the sinuses, the narrow range of drugs as amoxicillin may be prescribed by

. If a chronic sinus infection case, the new class would Fluoroquinolones

run. It is sometimes difficult to find a middle ground, so what works for one may not work for

another in similar circumstances. But mindful of the possibility and sometimes very heavy antibiotics side effects

especially strong. You should read the additional notes that come with drugs >>. << Also today, doctors are afraid to prescribe strong antibiotics through classes >> << are many reports of resistance to antibiotics

. The best antibiotic for sinus infection, probably the one prescribed by your doctor

because it is in a better position to decide, taking into account various factors

mentioned earlier. It should be noted that certain groups of people who are prone to sinus infections, mild, acute, chronic

and recurrent sinus infections regularly. The most serious of them is. Can not take antibiotics regularly. Instead of relying on what we believe

best antibiotic for sinus infections, the best alternative for us to strengthen the immune system so overalls

, that it is less prone colds and influenza virus. At the same time, it is important to our

sinuses clean, daily salt >> << sine or heat. . socNet {color: black; font-family: Arial, font size: 10pt; text-decoration: underline;; gaps: NoWrap;}

If the total intestinal detected in 100 ml ...

Koliformnyh bacteria in water have long been used as indicators of possible contamination of water by intestinal parasites and pathogens. While most bacterial intestinal groups are not pathogenic, they are valuable indicators because they are more likely than pathogenic bacteria, have more vitality in fresh water, and relatively easy to identify. Since it's impossible to test each agent in the evaluation of water quality, the researchers tested for real easy to identify indicator organisms on the assumption that the murder of indicator organisms and pathogens are excluded during the process of disinfection. Coli-form includes a wide range of bacteria, the main source can not be the gastrointestinal tract. Fecal Escherichia is a subset of typical gastro-intestinal tract of warm-blooded animals and can be separated from other bacteria Escherichia coli, because they grow more stringent temperature of 44. 5 ° CE intestinal

is a special type of fecal bacteria koliformnyh and is one of the most frequently used indicators for human and animal fecal waste. Many strains of E. coli exist, while most are harmless, some strains such as E. coli O157: H7 can cause serious illness and possible death. Various tests exist for detection of intestinal in water. The most basic of these is

presence-absence (P / A) test, which assesses the presence or absence of

total intestinal and / or E.coli. If the total intestinal detected in 100 ml of water is not considered suitable for drinking. Nevertheless, the qualitative test, such as P / Test for total coli or E. coli in water does not mean its suitability for other purposes, such as swimming or bathing. Quantitative tests can determine the suitability of water for bathing and swimming. These include >> << Membrane filtration (MF) technique and most probable number (MPN) technique. Intestinal density is buy strattera reported, the number of colony units (CFU) per 100 ml of water. MF method is fast and simple method of estimation of bacterial population in water. Samples of water passing through 0. 45 micron filter. Filter and trap bacteria transmitted to the surface environment that will support the growth of bacteria that can be identified based on morphological features of their colonies. Since this method accommodates testing of large numbers of samples simultaneously, it is especially useful for drinking water. Method of PV, however, is limited to samples that do not contain high levels of background organisms, suspended solids, sediment, or metals. The method involves incubation of MPN samples of various dilutions of intestinal specific media to determine the number of bacteria in the sample statistically. It is ideal for wastewater and sludge applications because analysts can use very turbid samples by diluting the sample before analysis. Image Reference: